Introduction: Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in humans, with more than two billion people living in risk areas, and it is estimated that each year there are nine million symptomatic cases and 500 000 severe episodes of dengue worldwide. Despite the high incidence of this disease, there is currently no vaccine to prevent the spread of dengue disease or reduce its incidence worldwide. One of the issues that have hampered the development of the vaccine is the lack of suitable animal models. Objective: This study evaluates the use of a non-human primate, the Olive baboon (Papio anubis), as a model of Dengue infection. Olive baboons closely resemble humans genetically and physiologically and have been extensively used for assessing novel vaccine formulations. Methods: Two doses of dengue-2 virus were tested in baboons: 10³ and 10⁴ pfu. Similarly, African green monkeys received the same quantity of virus which acted as a positive control. Results: Following exposure, high levels of viremia were detected in both animal species. There was a trend to detect more days of viremia and more homogeneous viral titers in animals receiving the low viral dose. In addition, baboons infected with the virus generally exhibited positive virus isolation one day later than African green monkeys. Humoral responses consisting of antiviral and neutralizing antibodies was detected in all animals after infection. Conclusions: We conclude that baboons provide an alternative non-human primate species for experimental dengue-2 infection and we recommend their use for further test involving vaccines administering the lowest dose assayed: 10³ pfu.